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Mar 25 2024Duplex 2205 (UNS S32250, UNS S31803, W.Nr. 1.4462) is a highly popular grade of stainless steel known for its duplex (ferritic/austenitic) structure. It offers excellent resistance to corrosion and erosion fatigue, along with lower thermal expansion and higher thermal conductivity compared to austenitic steels. The yield strength of Duplex 2205 is approximately twice that of austenitic stainless steels.This stainless steel grade is widely utilized in various applications within a temperature range of -50ºF to +3000ºF. However, it is not recommended for use at temperatures exceeding 300°C, as it may experience the precipitation of brittle micro-constituents. Likewise, it should be avoided below -50°C due to potential ductile-to-brittle transition.
Chemical Processing: Vessels, heat exchangers, tanks, and piping systems
Oil and Gas Industry: Pipelines, subsea equipment, umbilicals, and components
Desalination Heat exchangers, pumps, and piping systems
Food Processing: Storage tanks, processing vessels, and piping systems
Architecture and Construction: Bridges, building facades, and infrastructure projects
Marine and Shipbuilding: Components like propeller shafts, rudders, and fittings
Pulp and Paper Industry: Digesters, bleach towers, and piping systems
|
Material |
C |
Si |
Mn |
P |
S |
Cr |
Ni |
N |
|
2205 |
0.30max |
1.00max |
2.00max |
0.035max |
0.03max |
21.0-23.0 |
4.50-6.50 |
0.10-0.20 |
|
Material |
Tensile strength |
Yield strength 0,2 |
Elongation |
Hardness HB30 |
|
2205 |
650-880N/mm² |
450N/mm² |
25% |
270HB |
Due to its elevated chromium content (22%), molybdenum content (3%), and nitrogen content (0.18%), Duplex 2205 demonstrates outstanding resistance to both general corrosion and localized corrosion, including intergranular, pitting, and crevice corrosion. Additionally, this grade exhibits resistance to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking at temperatures of approximately 150°C.
The heating range for 2205 stainless steel is typically between 1870°F and 2010°F (1020°C and 1100°C). After heating, it is recommended to cool the material rapidly, either by water quenching or air cooling. This procedure is applicable for both solution annealing and stress annealing processes.
When heating 2205 stainless steel, to minimize thermal stress and prevent distortion, it is recommended to heat the material slowly and uniformly. This gradual heating process helps maintain the structural integrity of the stainless steel.
Duplex 2205 can undergo a pickling process to eliminate surface contaminants, scales, and oxides, enhancing its corrosion resistance and aesthetic appearance. After pickling, it is vital to thoroughly rinse the component with water to remove any residual acid. This step is essential to neutralize the acid and prevent potential corrosion problems. Proper rinsing aids in restoring the passivity of the stainless steel surface.
Hot Forming: When hot forming is necessary, it is important to heat 2205 duplex stainless steel uniformly within the temperature range of 1750°F to 2250°F. At these temperatures, the material is relatively soft and can be easily formed. However, if the temperature exceeds 2250°F, there is a risk of hot tearing in the stainless steel. On the other hand, if the temperature falls below 1750°F, the austenite phase becomes significantly stronger than the ferrite phase, which may lead to cracking, especially in "cold" edges.
Cold Forming: Duplex 2205 can be sheared and cold formed using equipment suitable for working with stainless steels. However, due to its high strength and rapid work hardening characteristics, higher forces are required compared to austenitic steels for cold forming 2205. Additionally, because of its high strength, a slightly larger allowance must be made for springback, the tendency of the material to return to its original shape after deformation.
2205 stainless steel is challenging to machine due to its high strength, low sulfur limits, and dual metallurgical phase, which increase cutting energy and tool wear. When using high-speed steel tooling, machining can be done at similar feeds and speeds as type 316L. However, with carbide tooling, cutting speeds should be reduced by about 20% compared to type 316L.
Duplex 2205 stainless steel is weldable using all standard welding methods. However, it is generally recommended to use filler metal during welding to prevent the formation of excessive ferrite. The objective when welding duplex 2205 is to ensure that the weld metal and the heat-affected zone maintain the corrosion resistance, strength, and toughness of the base metal.
Ø Bar & Rod
Ø Plate & Sheet
Ø Coil & Strip
Ø Pipe & Tube
Ø Fitting: Flange, Tee, Elbow, Reducer etc.
Ø Forging: Ring, Shaft, Circle, Block etc.
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